IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call for research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, call fo
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call for research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, call for paper 2012, journal of pharmacy, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, research and review articles, Pharmacy journal, International Journal of Pharmacy, hard copy of journal, hard copy of certificates, online Submission, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, international journal, publishing a paper
Synthesis, spectroscopic, magnetic properties and superoxide dismutase (SOD) ...IOSR Journals
Three new ternary copper(II) complexes formulated as [Cu(HIda)(bipy)] 1; [Cu(HIda)(phen)] 2; [Cu(HIda)(dmp)] 3; where HIda =N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2- iminodiacetic acid ; bipy = 2, 2’- bipyridine; phen = 1,10- phenanthroline; dmp = 2,9-dimethyl 1,10-phenanthroline, have been synthesized and characterized by partial elemental analysis, FAB-mass (m/z), EPR, UV-visible and CV measurements. The magnetic and spectroscopic data of all these complexes 1-3 indicate distorted octahedral geometry. The EPR spectra of these complexes in frozen DMSO solutions showed a single at g ca. 2. The trend in g-value (g||>g>2.0023) suggests that the unpaired electron on copper (II) has dx2–y2 character. The SOD activities of the complexes have been investigated. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of these complexes were also measured and discussed.
METALLO - BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AS POTENTIAL NOVEL ANTICANCER THERAPYijac123
Mono and bi-organometallic complexes of Cu(II), Ni(II), Mn(II), Zn(II) and Ag(I) complexes with
oxaloamide ligand has much potential as therapeutic and diagnostic agents. The ligand allows the
thermodynamic and kinetic reactivity of the metal ion to be controlled and also provide a scaffold for
functionalization. Specific examples involving the design of metal complexes as anticancer agents are
discussed. These complexes have been synthesized and characterized by (1H-NMR, mass, IR, UV-VIS,
ESR) spectra, magnetic moments and conductance measurements, elemental and thermal analyses. Molar
conductances in DMF solution indicates that, the complexes are non-electrolytes. The ESR spectra of solid
Cu(II) complexes (2-5) show an axial type indicating a d(X2-y2) ground state with a significant covalent
bond character. However, Mn(II) complex(9), shows an isotropic type indicating an octahedral geometry.
Cytotoxic evolution IC50 of the ligand and its complexes have been carried out. Cu(II) Complexes show
enhanced activity in comparison to the parent ligand or standard drug. Copper is enriched in various
human cancer tissues and is a co-factor essential for tumor angiogenesis processes. However, the use of
copper binding ligand to target tumor, copper could provide a novel strategy for cancer selective
treatment.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Anickel (II) and Zinc (II) Complex From 1,...IOSRJAC
:The title mononuclear nickel and zinc complexes, Ni(C11H9N4S3)2andZn(C11H9N4S3)2 .2(C3H7NO), were prepared by the reaction of Nickel(II) or Zinc(II)acetate with 1,5-bis[(2- thiophenyl)methylidene]thiocarbonohydrazide in a methanol solution. It features mono-deprotonated bisbidentate ligands, which coordinate to metal (II) ions by hydrazylN and thiocarbony lS atoms, yielding a tetracoordinated metal ions complexes. In Ni(II) complex the geometry around the metal ion is described as square planar. In the Zn(II) the metal atom shows severely tetrahedral distortion from anideal square-planar coordination geometry, as reflected by the dihedral angle between ZnN2and ZnS2 planes of 73.03(13)°. Two intramolecular hydrogen bonds are observed between the solvate dmf molecules and the coordinated ligands:N2—H2N…O1i and N6—H6N…O2 ii in this complex
Synthesis, spectroscopic, magnetic properties and superoxide dismutase (SOD) ...IOSR Journals
Three new ternary copper(II) complexes formulated as [Cu(HIda)(bipy)] 1; [Cu(HIda)(phen)] 2; [Cu(HIda)(dmp)] 3; where HIda =N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2- iminodiacetic acid ; bipy = 2, 2’- bipyridine; phen = 1,10- phenanthroline; dmp = 2,9-dimethyl 1,10-phenanthroline, have been synthesized and characterized by partial elemental analysis, FAB-mass (m/z), EPR, UV-visible and CV measurements. The magnetic and spectroscopic data of all these complexes 1-3 indicate distorted octahedral geometry. The EPR spectra of these complexes in frozen DMSO solutions showed a single at g ca. 2. The trend in g-value (g||>g>2.0023) suggests that the unpaired electron on copper (II) has dx2–y2 character. The SOD activities of the complexes have been investigated. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of these complexes were also measured and discussed.
METALLO - BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AS POTENTIAL NOVEL ANTICANCER THERAPYijac123
Mono and bi-organometallic complexes of Cu(II), Ni(II), Mn(II), Zn(II) and Ag(I) complexes with
oxaloamide ligand has much potential as therapeutic and diagnostic agents. The ligand allows the
thermodynamic and kinetic reactivity of the metal ion to be controlled and also provide a scaffold for
functionalization. Specific examples involving the design of metal complexes as anticancer agents are
discussed. These complexes have been synthesized and characterized by (1H-NMR, mass, IR, UV-VIS,
ESR) spectra, magnetic moments and conductance measurements, elemental and thermal analyses. Molar
conductances in DMF solution indicates that, the complexes are non-electrolytes. The ESR spectra of solid
Cu(II) complexes (2-5) show an axial type indicating a d(X2-y2) ground state with a significant covalent
bond character. However, Mn(II) complex(9), shows an isotropic type indicating an octahedral geometry.
Cytotoxic evolution IC50 of the ligand and its complexes have been carried out. Cu(II) Complexes show
enhanced activity in comparison to the parent ligand or standard drug. Copper is enriched in various
human cancer tissues and is a co-factor essential for tumor angiogenesis processes. However, the use of
copper binding ligand to target tumor, copper could provide a novel strategy for cancer selective
treatment.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Anickel (II) and Zinc (II) Complex From 1,...IOSRJAC
:The title mononuclear nickel and zinc complexes, Ni(C11H9N4S3)2andZn(C11H9N4S3)2 .2(C3H7NO), were prepared by the reaction of Nickel(II) or Zinc(II)acetate with 1,5-bis[(2- thiophenyl)methylidene]thiocarbonohydrazide in a methanol solution. It features mono-deprotonated bisbidentate ligands, which coordinate to metal (II) ions by hydrazylN and thiocarbony lS atoms, yielding a tetracoordinated metal ions complexes. In Ni(II) complex the geometry around the metal ion is described as square planar. In the Zn(II) the metal atom shows severely tetrahedral distortion from anideal square-planar coordination geometry, as reflected by the dihedral angle between ZnN2and ZnS2 planes of 73.03(13)°. Two intramolecular hydrogen bonds are observed between the solvate dmf molecules and the coordinated ligands:N2—H2N…O1i and N6—H6N…O2 ii in this complex
Photocatalytic Degradation of Azo Dye (Methyl Red) In Water under Visible Lig...IJEAB
Commercial TiO2 (P25) co-doped with bimetallic silver and nickel nanoparticles (Ag-Ni/TiO2) was prepared by g-irradiation method. The properties of Ag-Ni/TiO2 were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques (EDX) and surface area measurement by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The size of silver and nickel nanoparticles was determined by TEM to be of 1-2 nm.The photo-catalytic degradation of azo dye methyl red in the aqueous suspensions of TiO2 and Ag-Ni/TiO2 under visible light was carried out to evaluate the photo-catalytic activity. Results showed that Ag-Ni/TiO2 was found to enhance photo-degradation efficiency of azo dye metyl red compared to commercial TiO2. The results showed that Ag 3% (w/w) and Ni 1.5% (w/w) co-doped TiO2 had the highest photoactivity among all studied samples under visible light. Thus, g-irradiation method can be suitably applied to prepare photo-catalyst of Ag-Ni/TiO2with highly photocatalytic activity.
Antibacterial Application of Novel Mixed-Ligand Dithiocarbamate Complexes of ...IOSR Journals
Nine stable mixed ligand dithiocarbamate complexes of Nickel (II) ion were prepared. The complexes were characterized with electronic spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, conductance measurement, melting point and percentage metal analysis. Resulting analytical data gave credence to the assignment of a tentative square planar geometry to all the complexes. The complexes were proposed to have a general formulae of [Ni(Sal)(Rdtc)], where Sal = salicylaldehyde; R = dibenzylamine(Bz2NH), methylphenylamine(MePhNH),pyrrolidineamine(pyrrolNH),piperidineamine(piperNH),morpholineamine(MorpNH), anilineamine(AnilNH), para-chloroanilineamine(p-ClAnilNH), toludineamine(TolNH) and anisidineamine(AnisNH); and dtc = dithiocarbamate anion. The metal complexes were screened against six different bacteria strain using Agar diffusion method. The antibacterial studies reveal that the metal complexes exhibit broad spectrum antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella oxytoca and Pseudomonas aureginosa with inhibitory range of 10.5.—20.0mm.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Synthesis, Characterization, Antibacterial and DNA Binding Studies of Mn (II)...IOSRJAC
Mn (II) complex of the Schiff base (L), 3-(2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene) hydrazinyl) quinoxalin-2(1H)-one (VHQO) was prepared and characterized by IR, UV-VIS, Mass, Elemental analysis, TGDTA, magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. VHQO behaved as monobasic, tridentate ligand and formed 1:2 complex (ML2) with the metal ion (M) coordinating through ring nitrogen, azomethine nitrogen and phenolic oxygen. Thermal analysis of the complex indicated the absence of lattice and coordinated water. Based on the spectral and analytical data, octahedral geometry was assigned to the complex. Antibacterial activity of the complex against gram positive bacteria, Bacillus subtillis, Staphylococcus aureus, and gram negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeroginosa , and Klebsiella pneumonia was studied. The interaction of the complex with Calf Thymus DNA (CT-DNA) was studied by absorption spectroscopy and the intrinsic binding constant was calculated.
Electrochemical, in-vitro in-vivo study of Co (II)-ofloxacin complexIOSR Journals
Ofloxacin complex has been synthesized and screened for its physicochemical, microbial as well as pharmacological activity have been done in solid and aqueous phase. On the basis of elemental analysis, polarographic studies, amperometric titration and IR spectral studies the probable formula for the complex has been determined at 30±1OC and ionic strength of μ= 1.0[KCl]. Raper’s paper disc method was used for microbial study against various pathogenic bacteria and fungi.Invivo syudy of Swiss mice [25-30gm] were used for antibacterial activity against ofloxacin and its complex on xyline-Alcoholic activity test Kidney, liver and serum of these rats were also studied. On the basis of observed result it could be concluded that Co(II)-Ofloxacin complex were found to be non-toxic and more potent than pure Ofloxacin.(1)
One Pot Hydrothermal Synthesis Characterizations Of Silver Nanoparticles On R...IOSRJAC
Graphene-based nanocomposite have significant applicability in catalysis, electronics, medicine, and energy. In this report silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) - nanocomposite was prepared by a one-pot hydrothermal process using silver nitrate as a precursor. Under hydrothermal process Graphene oxide (GO) was reduced to reduced graphene oxide (RGO), without using chemical reagents. As synthesized (Ag-RGO) nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, UV Vis-spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscope, and Raman spectroscopy. Antimicrobial activities of the composite were investigated against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The results demonstrate that Ag-RGO nanocomposite was a strong bactericide against Gram-negative bacteria. Antioxidant activity was evaluated for bare GO, Ag and Ag-RGO nanocomposite by DPPH radical scavenging assay. It was observed that Ag/RGO nanocomposite has enhanced antioxidant activity than bare GO and Ag.
Synthesis of 2-aminocyclopent-1-ene-1-carbodithioic acid (ACA) Capped Silver ...IJERA Editor
The present work deals with the formation, morphology and photophysical activity of the 2-aminocyclopent-1-ene-1-carbodithioic acid (ACA) Capped Silver nanoparticles via chemical reduction method. The method utilizes a simple chemical reaction of silver idodide and sodium borohydride. The advantages of this method are ease of preparation, convenience in use and especially, that the obtained silver nano particles are uniform in their shapes and sizes. This is important for fluorescence & bio-evolution measurements. Furthermore, UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy is employed to monitor the formation process of the nano particles and to determine the optimum conditions for the preparation of stable and highly fluorescence-active silver colloids. Specifically, we observed changes in the shapes of the silver nano particles during the formation. This may be helpful in understanding the growth of the nano particles and creates a new dimension in controlling the shapes of the nano particles.SEM, TEM and XRD studies are carried out. The suitability of ACA capped Ag-NPs as Biomarkers is also Tested by Fluorescence study.
SYNTHESIS, SPECTRAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF MIXED LIGAND COMPLEXES OFCo(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) WITH 4-AMINOANTIPYRINE AND TRIBUTYLPHOSPHINE
Spectral studies of 5-({4-amino-2-[(Z)-(2-hydroxybenzylidene) amino] pyrimidi...IOSR Journals
Some transition metal ions Complexes with 5-({4-amino-2-[(Z)-(2-hydroxybenzylidene) amino]
pyrimidin-5-yl} methyl)-2,3,4-trimethoxybenzene were prepared and characterized by elemental analyses,
Infrared , magnetic moment, electronic spectra , mass spectra, X-ray powder diffraction, molar conductance
and thermal analysis (TGA). The complexes have general formulae [ML2.2H2O] {where M = Mn (II), Co (II), Ni
(II), Cu (II), Zn (II), Pd (II) and Pt (II). The coordination behavior of the metal ions towards to the investigated
Schiff base takes place through –C=N,-NH2 and –OH groups. The obtained C, H and N elemental analysis data
showed the Metal: Ligand ratio is 1:2 [M: L] ratio. The molar conductance data reveal that all the metal
complexes are non-electrolytic in nature. From the magnetic moments the complexes are paramagnetic except
Zn metal ion complexes have octahedral geometry with coordination number eight. The thermal behavior of
these complexes shows that, the hydrated complexes have loses two water molecules and immediately followed
by decomposition of the anions and ligand molecules in the second and third stage. The Schiff bases and metal
complexes show good activity against some bacteria. The antimicrobial results indicate that, the metal
complexes have better antimicrobial activity as compared to the prepared Schiff base.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Azo Dye (Methyl Red) In Water under Visible Lig...IJEAB
Commercial TiO2 (P25) co-doped with bimetallic silver and nickel nanoparticles (Ag-Ni/TiO2) was prepared by g-irradiation method. The properties of Ag-Ni/TiO2 were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques (EDX) and surface area measurement by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The size of silver and nickel nanoparticles was determined by TEM to be of 1-2 nm.The photo-catalytic degradation of azo dye methyl red in the aqueous suspensions of TiO2 and Ag-Ni/TiO2 under visible light was carried out to evaluate the photo-catalytic activity. Results showed that Ag-Ni/TiO2 was found to enhance photo-degradation efficiency of azo dye metyl red compared to commercial TiO2. The results showed that Ag 3% (w/w) and Ni 1.5% (w/w) co-doped TiO2 had the highest photoactivity among all studied samples under visible light. Thus, g-irradiation method can be suitably applied to prepare photo-catalyst of Ag-Ni/TiO2with highly photocatalytic activity.
Antibacterial Application of Novel Mixed-Ligand Dithiocarbamate Complexes of ...IOSR Journals
Nine stable mixed ligand dithiocarbamate complexes of Nickel (II) ion were prepared. The complexes were characterized with electronic spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, conductance measurement, melting point and percentage metal analysis. Resulting analytical data gave credence to the assignment of a tentative square planar geometry to all the complexes. The complexes were proposed to have a general formulae of [Ni(Sal)(Rdtc)], where Sal = salicylaldehyde; R = dibenzylamine(Bz2NH), methylphenylamine(MePhNH),pyrrolidineamine(pyrrolNH),piperidineamine(piperNH),morpholineamine(MorpNH), anilineamine(AnilNH), para-chloroanilineamine(p-ClAnilNH), toludineamine(TolNH) and anisidineamine(AnisNH); and dtc = dithiocarbamate anion. The metal complexes were screened against six different bacteria strain using Agar diffusion method. The antibacterial studies reveal that the metal complexes exhibit broad spectrum antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella oxytoca and Pseudomonas aureginosa with inhibitory range of 10.5.—20.0mm.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Synthesis, Characterization, Antibacterial and DNA Binding Studies of Mn (II)...IOSRJAC
Mn (II) complex of the Schiff base (L), 3-(2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene) hydrazinyl) quinoxalin-2(1H)-one (VHQO) was prepared and characterized by IR, UV-VIS, Mass, Elemental analysis, TGDTA, magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. VHQO behaved as monobasic, tridentate ligand and formed 1:2 complex (ML2) with the metal ion (M) coordinating through ring nitrogen, azomethine nitrogen and phenolic oxygen. Thermal analysis of the complex indicated the absence of lattice and coordinated water. Based on the spectral and analytical data, octahedral geometry was assigned to the complex. Antibacterial activity of the complex against gram positive bacteria, Bacillus subtillis, Staphylococcus aureus, and gram negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeroginosa , and Klebsiella pneumonia was studied. The interaction of the complex with Calf Thymus DNA (CT-DNA) was studied by absorption spectroscopy and the intrinsic binding constant was calculated.
Electrochemical, in-vitro in-vivo study of Co (II)-ofloxacin complexIOSR Journals
Ofloxacin complex has been synthesized and screened for its physicochemical, microbial as well as pharmacological activity have been done in solid and aqueous phase. On the basis of elemental analysis, polarographic studies, amperometric titration and IR spectral studies the probable formula for the complex has been determined at 30±1OC and ionic strength of μ= 1.0[KCl]. Raper’s paper disc method was used for microbial study against various pathogenic bacteria and fungi.Invivo syudy of Swiss mice [25-30gm] were used for antibacterial activity against ofloxacin and its complex on xyline-Alcoholic activity test Kidney, liver and serum of these rats were also studied. On the basis of observed result it could be concluded that Co(II)-Ofloxacin complex were found to be non-toxic and more potent than pure Ofloxacin.(1)
One Pot Hydrothermal Synthesis Characterizations Of Silver Nanoparticles On R...IOSRJAC
Graphene-based nanocomposite have significant applicability in catalysis, electronics, medicine, and energy. In this report silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) - nanocomposite was prepared by a one-pot hydrothermal process using silver nitrate as a precursor. Under hydrothermal process Graphene oxide (GO) was reduced to reduced graphene oxide (RGO), without using chemical reagents. As synthesized (Ag-RGO) nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, UV Vis-spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscope, and Raman spectroscopy. Antimicrobial activities of the composite were investigated against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The results demonstrate that Ag-RGO nanocomposite was a strong bactericide against Gram-negative bacteria. Antioxidant activity was evaluated for bare GO, Ag and Ag-RGO nanocomposite by DPPH radical scavenging assay. It was observed that Ag/RGO nanocomposite has enhanced antioxidant activity than bare GO and Ag.
Synthesis of 2-aminocyclopent-1-ene-1-carbodithioic acid (ACA) Capped Silver ...IJERA Editor
The present work deals with the formation, morphology and photophysical activity of the 2-aminocyclopent-1-ene-1-carbodithioic acid (ACA) Capped Silver nanoparticles via chemical reduction method. The method utilizes a simple chemical reaction of silver idodide and sodium borohydride. The advantages of this method are ease of preparation, convenience in use and especially, that the obtained silver nano particles are uniform in their shapes and sizes. This is important for fluorescence & bio-evolution measurements. Furthermore, UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy is employed to monitor the formation process of the nano particles and to determine the optimum conditions for the preparation of stable and highly fluorescence-active silver colloids. Specifically, we observed changes in the shapes of the silver nano particles during the formation. This may be helpful in understanding the growth of the nano particles and creates a new dimension in controlling the shapes of the nano particles.SEM, TEM and XRD studies are carried out. The suitability of ACA capped Ag-NPs as Biomarkers is also Tested by Fluorescence study.
SYNTHESIS, SPECTRAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF MIXED LIGAND COMPLEXES OFCo(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) WITH 4-AMINOANTIPYRINE AND TRIBUTYLPHOSPHINE
Spectral studies of 5-({4-amino-2-[(Z)-(2-hydroxybenzylidene) amino] pyrimidi...IOSR Journals
Some transition metal ions Complexes with 5-({4-amino-2-[(Z)-(2-hydroxybenzylidene) amino]
pyrimidin-5-yl} methyl)-2,3,4-trimethoxybenzene were prepared and characterized by elemental analyses,
Infrared , magnetic moment, electronic spectra , mass spectra, X-ray powder diffraction, molar conductance
and thermal analysis (TGA). The complexes have general formulae [ML2.2H2O] {where M = Mn (II), Co (II), Ni
(II), Cu (II), Zn (II), Pd (II) and Pt (II). The coordination behavior of the metal ions towards to the investigated
Schiff base takes place through –C=N,-NH2 and –OH groups. The obtained C, H and N elemental analysis data
showed the Metal: Ligand ratio is 1:2 [M: L] ratio. The molar conductance data reveal that all the metal
complexes are non-electrolytic in nature. From the magnetic moments the complexes are paramagnetic except
Zn metal ion complexes have octahedral geometry with coordination number eight. The thermal behavior of
these complexes shows that, the hydrated complexes have loses two water molecules and immediately followed
by decomposition of the anions and ligand molecules in the second and third stage. The Schiff bases and metal
complexes show good activity against some bacteria. The antimicrobial results indicate that, the metal
complexes have better antimicrobial activity as compared to the prepared Schiff base.
Similar to IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call for research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, call fo
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Theoretical calculations of chemical shifts of metal (Hg (II), Pb (II), Ag (I...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Anthranillic acid and tributylphosphine4652 6725-1-pbTaghreed Al-Noor
Mixed ligand complexes of bivalent metal ions, viz; Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) of the
composition [M(A)2((PBu3)2]in(1:2:2)(M:A:(PBu3). molar ratio, (where A- Anthranilate ion
,(PBu3)= tributylphosphine. M= Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II) and Zn(II).
The prepared complexes were characterized using flame atomic absorption, by FT-IR,
UV/visible spectra methods as well as magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. The
metal complexes were tested in vitro against three types of pathogenic bacteria microorganisms:
(Staphylococcus, Klebsiella SPP .and Bacillas)to assess their antimicrobial properties. Results. The
study shows that all complexes have octahedral geometry; in addition, it has high activity against
tested bacteria. Based on the reported results, it may be concluded that.The results showed that the
deprotonated ligand(nthranilc acid ) to anthranilate ion (A-) by using (KOH) coordinated to metal
ions as bidentate ligand through the oxygen atom of the carboxylate group (−COO−), and the
nitrogen atom of the amine group (-NH2), where the Tributylphosphine coordinated as a
Synthesis and characterization of some metal complexes of 2- Phenyl-3,4-dihyd...IOSRJAC
2-Phenyl-3,4-dihydro-quinazolin-4-yloxy)-acetic acid (L1) metal complexes with Mn2+ , Co2+, Ni2+ Cu2+ , and Zn2+ ions were studied and the structure of the complexes were elucidated using elemental analyses, infrared (IR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), magnetic moment and thermal analysis measurements. Besides the characterization of complexes by physicochemical technique, Biological activities of the synthesized complexes were examined against some microbial strains for evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activities.
Design, Synthesis and Structural Inspection of Some Novel Di- And Tri-Azometh...CrimsonPublishersACSR
In this study, NBA imine compound was synthesized via an easy one-pot condensation of 3-nitro-benzaldyhide with 2-amino benzoic acid in 1:1 ratio and DAPH imine compound derived from 2,6-diacetyl pyridine and phenyl hydrazine hydrochloride. Consequences of the newly synthesized compounds
hooked up with the aid of FT-IR, elemental analyses, 13C-NMR ,1H-NMR and digital spectral research.
Experiments had been consistent with their chemical structures. Theoretical DFT calculations had been
implemented to confirm the molecular geometry of the investigated chemo-sensors. The sensor property
of all organized imines had been tested upon addition of the metal ions, consisting of Cr(III) ,Fe(II) ,Co(II) ,
Ni(II) ,Cu(II) ,Zn(II) ,Mn(II), VO(II) and Pd(II) .The interactions among receptors and ions are effortlessly
monitored with the aid of UV-visible spectroscopy. DAPH receptor confirmed color modification from
blood red to excessive deep green color to Co(II) ,a yellow color to Cu(II) and different colors to different
ions. Where the NBA receptor showed color modification from light yellow to excessive deep orange color
to Fe(II), pale orange to Pd(II) and different colors for other ions.
A Simple Thermal Treatment Synthesis and Characterization of Ni-Zn Ferrite (N...IOSR Journals
Cubic structured nickel-zinc ferrite nanoparticles (Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4) have been synthesized by thermal treatment method. This simple procedure employed an aqueous solution containing only metal nitrates as precursors, polyvinyl pyrrolidone as a capping agent, and deionized water as a solvent. The solution was thoroughly stirred for 2 hour, dried at 353 K for 3 hour, the dried material crushed into powder and calcined the powder at 873 K to remove organic substances and crystallize the particles. The microstructure properties of the prepared ferrite nanoparticles were measured using FTIR, XRD, TEM, and EDX and the magnetic properties were determined using VSM and EPR. The average particle size increased from 7 to 22 nm with the increase of calcination temperature from 723 to 873 K. The saturation magnetization, coercivity field, and g-factor increased respectively from 24 emu/g, 11 G, and 2.0673at 723 K to 38 emu/g, 60 G, and 2.1227 at 873 K. This method offers simplicity, a low cost, and an environmentally friendly operation since it produces no by-product effluents.
Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization and Structure Determination of So...IOSR Journals
Some novel nickel(II) complexes with the ligand (z)-4-((2-hydroxy-3-
methoxyphenyl)diazenyl)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-(2H)-one,GAAP,guiacolazoantipyrine, L
having molecular formulae [Ni(L)2X2] and [Ni(L)2(NCS)Cl] where X = Cl-, Br-, NO3
- were synthesized and
characterized. The elemental analysis, Spectral (IR, UV-Visible, EPR, FAB – mass) studies and thermo
gravimetric analysis reveals that the Ni(II) is six coordinated in its complexes. A rhombic symmetry can be
tentatively proposed for the complexes. The magnetic susceptibility measurements show that the complexes are
paramagnetic in nature. The powder XRD study shows its anisotropic nature
Synthesis, spectroscopic, electrochemical, magnetic properties and super oxid...IOSR Journals
Five new mixed-ligand nickel (II) complexes; viz; [Ni (BHM)(PMDT)]1; [Ni(BHM)(dien)] 2; [Ni(BHM)(L1)]3; [Ni(BHM)(L2)] 4, [Ni(BHM)(L3)] 5; where H2BHM= N’-(1E)-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl) methylidene] benzoylhydrazide, PMDT= N,N,N’,N,”N”-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine; dien= diethylenetriamine; L1 = N,N- dimethyl-N’ (Pyrid-2-yl-methyl) ethylenediamine; L2= N-methyl-N’-(pyrid-2-ylmethyl)ethylenediamine; L3 = N,N-dimethyl-N’-(6-methyl)pyrid-2-ylmethyl) ethylenediamine, have been synthesized and characterized by using elemental analyses, FAB (fast atomic bombardment), magnetic measurements, electronic absorption , conductivity measurements, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and IR- spectroscopy . All the complexes yielded an irreversible couple that can be assigned to a NiII→ NiI redox process. Infrared spectra, ligand field spectra and magnetic susceptibility measurements agree with the observed octahedral environment. H2BHM is a diprotic tridentate Schiff base ligand (ONO donor atom) whereas L1-L3 possessing N3 coordination sites. The SOD activities have been measured using alkaline DMSO as a source of superoxide radical (O2–) and nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) as O2– scavenger.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF KAOLINITE COATED WITH CU-OXIDE AND ITS EFFE...Premier Publishers
In this paper, a novel copper oxide coated kaolinite was prepared as an adsorbent of Hg(II) ions from aqueous media. The materials used for this study were synthesized, characterised and the product tested for mercury ion removal using standard laboratory procedures. Reactivity and removal kinetic models derived from Freundlich isotherm were used to investigate contact time and pH effects on the coefficient of protonation and rate of mass transfer of Hg(II) ions to the reactive sites, Proton coefficient of 0.89 indicated a decrease in proton consumption function when compared with uncoated kaolinite. At the 12th h reaction time, a maximum adsorption capacity of 85% was achieved. Mass transfer rates of 0.9359h-1 and 0.0748h-1 for the first and second reaction phases indicated a reduction when compared with uncoated kaolinite. These changes may be ascribed to masking of reaction sites and exposed surface area of the Cu-Oxide coated kaolinite.
Octahedral rhenium K4[Re6S8(CN)6] and Cu(OH)2cluster modifiedTiO2for the photoreduction of CO2under visible light irradiation
Similar to IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call for research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, call fo (20)
Congenital Agenesis Of The Corpus Callosum With Intracerebral Lipoma And Fron...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
“Hemodynamic and recovery profile with Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl in intrac...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Correlation of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor expression in Breast Canceriosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Analytical Study of Urine Samples for Epidemiology of Urinary Tract Infection...iosrphr_editor
The current study was carried out in District Abbottabad aimed to determine the common urinary
tract infections in local community to determine the epidemiology of significant diseases in asymptomatic patients
of renal disorder. In this study a total of 1000 urine samples were examined during 3rd February to 1st April 2015
from patients attending Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad by using dipstick and microscopic analysis of urine.
There were 638 females and 362 males patients examined during this period. The range of age groups is between
1.5 years to 80 years. Results of this study was reported as Pyuria 11%, Proteinuria 21.1%, Hematuria 10.4%,
Epithelial Cells 8.2%, pH 7.8 %, Granular casts 7.3%, Triple phosphate 6.6%, Calcium oxalate 6.4%, Glycosuria
6.3%, Bacteria 6.2% and mucous 4.1%. This study concludes that routing urinalysis should be performed for all
individuals to diagnose the asymptomatic diseases that will help in simple therapeutic measurements as urinalysis
is a simple step to determine the root of Urinary tract disorders.
Chest sonography images in neonatal r.d.s. And proposed gradingiosrphr_editor
BACKGROUND : Lung sonography has been used to monitor the patients of R.D.S. in
N.I.C.U. in recent times.
AIMS : To Describe and Grade the changes of R.D.S. by lung sonography.
SETTING & DESIGN : Tertiary care institutional set up in a rural medical college.
STUDY DURATION : September 2014 to May 2015. Follow-up variable, upto 2 weeks.
PROSPECTIVE, ANALYTICAL STUDY.
MATERIALS AND METHODS -This was a single institute study approved by the institutional ethics
committee. Prior informed consent was obtained from the parents. 100 consecutive patients admitted in
N.I.C.U. WITH gestational age < 36 weeks with respiratory complaints were enrolled. Chest x-ray was
obtained within few hours of admission and lung sonography was performed within 24 hours. Follow – up
sonography was performed as and when necessary. Sonography image was graded and correlated with chest
xray and clinical picture
The Comprehensive Review on Fat Soluble Vitaminsiosrphr_editor
This review article deals with brief description of fat soluble vitamins with figures and tables
showing statistical analytical data duly quoting the references wherever necessary. The word “soluble” actually
means “able to be dissolved.” Whether a vitamin is classified as 'fat-soluble' or 'water-soluble' has to do with
how the vitamin is absorbed, stored and removed from the body. Vitamins are tiny organic compounds with a
huge impact on the health and well-being of the body. The body needs a small amount of fat soluble vitamins in
order to stay in optimal health. Fat soluble vitamins play an important role in keeping the body healthy and
functioning from immune system and muscle and heart function, easy flow and clotting of blood as well as eye
health. They are critical to health and wellness–particularly reproductive health and wellness. Low-fat, no-fat
and vegan diets are woefully lacking in fat soluble vitamins. However a diet based on traditional foods can
naturally provide these vitamins. Science is still learning about many of the functions of vitamins. "Too much
vitamin A, D, or K can lead to increased levels that are unhealthy and can cause serious health consequences.
Diseased conditions leading to decreased fat absorption leads to decreased absorption of vitamins. The fatsoluble
vitamins work most safely and effectively when obtained them from natural foods within the context of a
diet rich in all their synergistic partners. If fat soluble vitamins are stored for lengthy time they generate threat
for toxicity than water soluble vitamins and such situation even aggravated, provided they are consumed in
excess. Vitamin products, above the legal limits are not considered food supplements and must be registered as
prescription or non-prescription (over-the-counter drugs) due to their potential side effects. Vitamin A and E
supplements do not provide health benefits for healthy individuals, instead they may enhance mortality, and it is
held proved that beta-carotene supplements can be harmful to smokers
Sulphasalazine Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis A Case Reportiosrphr_editor
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) is a rare and life threatening mucocutaneous reaction
characterized by extensive necrosis and detachment of epidermis. The Worldwide incidence of TEN is 0.9 to 1.4
per million populations per year [1]. Here we have discussed a case of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis secondary
to Sulfasalazine managed with fluid replacement, analgesics, anti-infective therapy aggressive nutritional
support and intravenous high dose steroid therapy.
Keywords- Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, Sulfasalazine
Evaluation the efficacy of IVIgG in treatment of Hemolytic Disease of Newborniosrphr_editor
Hemolytic disease of newborn (HDN) is an important cause of hyperbilirubinemia in the
neonatal period,and delayed diagnosis and treatment may lead to permanent brain damage. Traditional
neonatal treatment of HDN is intensive phototherapy and exchange transfusion.Intravenous
immunoglobulin(IVIgG) has been introduced as an alternative therapy to exchange transfusion. This study was
conducted to assess the effect of IVIG in HDN .
FIBROLIPOMATOUS HAMARTOMA OF ULNAR NERVE: A RARE CASE REPORT.iosrphr_editor
Nervous fibrolipomatous hamartoma is said to be a rare tumor-like condition involving the peripheral
nerves,in which the epineurium and perineurium are enlarged and distorted by excess of fatty and fibrous tissue
s that infiltrate between and around nerve boundaries. The median nerve is more likely to develop a hamartoma
than other nerves with a predilection for the carpal tunnel.
A fibrolipomatous hamartoma – is a rare, benign, congenital lesion most commonly found in the median nerve,
usually at the level of the wrist or hand.
We report a case of this rare condition in ulnar nerve.
SELF MEDICATION PRACTICES FOR ORAL HEALTH PROBLEMS AMONG DENTAL PATIENTS IN B...iosrphr_editor
Introduction: Self‑ medication is commonly practiced all over the world. Self-medication is defined as the use
of medication by a patient on his own initiative or on the advice of a pharmacist or a lay person instead of
consulting a medical practitioner. The present study was aimed to estimate the prevalence of self-medication for
oral health problems among dental patients in Bengaluru city; to identify triggering factors that could influence
self-medication practices; to identify sources of medications used; to identify sources of information about
medications used; and to identify reasons for self-medication.Study Design: A Cross sectional Study.Methods:A
survey was conducted among 175 subjects among dental patients in Bengaluru city. Data were collected
through a specially designed proforma using a closed‑ ended, self‑ administered questionnaire containing 15
questions, in five sections.
Results: The prevalence of
Clinico-haematological Profile of Falciparum Malaria in a Rural Hospital of T...iosrphr_editor
Aim: To study the clinico-haematological profile malaria in a rural hospital of Tripura.
Material and methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was done from at Kulai District
Hospital,Tripura. This hospital based cross sectional study was done on 60 confirmed cases of falciparum
malaria (either by peripheral smear or rapid diagnostic test) admitted in Kulai District Hospital. A case sheet
proforma was prepared and data (demographic profile,clinical feature, investigation, treatment, and
complication) from all indoor patients was collected and analyzed.
Result: Out of 60 patients, 40(66.6%) were males and 20 (33.4%) were females. Most of the patients were
between the age group 21-40 years with the highest prevalence between the age group of 21-30. Fever was the
most common symptom. Anemia was present in 42(70%) patients, out of which 6(10%) patients had severe
anemia. Thrombocytopenia was present in 36(60%) patients.Abnormal liver function tests were observed in
26(43.3%) subjects while abnormal kidney function tests were observed in16(26.6%) patients. All the 60
patients received Artemisinin based antimalarial drugs.
Conclusion: Early detection, prompt management, and adequate supportive therapy may reduce mortality due
to falciparum cerebral malaria.
Indonesian Wild Ginger (Zingiber sp) Extract: Antibacterial Activity against ...iosrphr_editor
Lempuyang gajah (Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith), lempuyang pahit (Zingiber amaricans BL.), and
lempuyang wangi (Zingiber aromaticum Vahl.) are used as traditional medicine (jamu) in Indonesia. It is also
used for treatment of microbial infections, helps to increase appetite and stimulate digestion in chickens.
Information on their uses are available, but only limited in the scientific data on their bioactivity. The study was
conducted on the antibacterial effect of organic extracts of these plants with Mycoplasma gallisepticum as the
agent of chronic respiratory disease in chickens. Juice and extracts of fresh and dried rhizome are evaluated
through the disc diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration. Oxytetracyclin (30 µg) are used as
standards. All extracts are individually exhibited as antibacterial activity against Mycoplasma gallisepticum (7
± 0.11 mm to 21 ± 0.86 mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination of plants extracts are
ranged from 7.8 mg/ml to 31.2 mg/ml. The preliminary results suggested promising antibacterial properties of
wild ginger from Indonesia, and probably could be used in management of chronic respiratory disease in
chickens.
A case of allergy and food sensitivity: the nasunin, natural color of eggplantiosrphr_editor
Abstract: Allergies and food sensitivities can both be considered as "adverse reactions individualistic" to food.
Are pathological and individual forms because they affect a few individuals in way rather serious; immediate
or delayed reactions occur instead with simple effects histamine, or, in severe cases with respiratory and
anaphylactic shock
The eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is known to cause food allergies in some Asian countries, but detailed
studies on allergies caused by eggplant are lacking, however, it was highlighted the presence of allergens in
edible parts of eggplant with preponderance in the peel .
The purpose of this study was to propose an extraction method rapid, efficient and cost of natural dye from
waste products from the food industry, such as the peels of eggplant, from which it was extracted, isolated and
purified the nasunin,a colored molecule in red-fuchsia.
Nasusin was tested on 58 patients to evaluate the potential sensitizing effect on the skin. The results demonstrate
that allergenic effects are negligible and therefore the nasunin can be used as a colorant in various industrial
sectors with a certain safety margin
Complete NMR Assignment of MogrosidesII A2, II E andIII A1Isolated from Luo H...iosrphr_editor
NMR analysis allowed complete assignments of three known mogrol glycosides, Mogroside IIA2 (1),
II E (2)and IIIA1 (3), isolated from the extracts of Luo Han Guo. Herein, complete 1H and 13C NMR
assignmentsof all threemogrosidesare described based on NMR experiments (1H NMR, 13C NMR, COSY,
HSQC-DEPT, HMBC, NOESY and 1DTOCSY) and mass spectral data.
Nanoemulsion and Nanoemulgel as a Topical Formulationiosrphr_editor
: Nanoemulsion is referred type of emulsion with uniform and extremely small droplet size in the range
of 20-200 nm. Nanoemulsion provides numerous advantages over other carrier such as polymeric nanoparticle
and liposomes, including low cost preparation procedure, high hydrophilic and lipophilic drug loading system
to enhance the longer shelf live upon preserving the therapeutic agents. Incorporating the preparation of
nanoemulsion with hydrogel matrix to produce nanoemulgel exhibited by the two separate systems that forming
it. Nanoemulgel possesses the properties of thixotropic, non-greasy, effortlessly spreadable, easily be removed,
emollient, not staining, soluble in water, longer shelf life, bio-friendly, translucent and agreeable appearance.
Pharmacokinetics of High-Dose Methotrexate in Egyptian Children with Acute Ly...iosrphr_editor
Aim:Since several factors have been shown to influence the clearance of methotrexate, the purpose of this study
was to identify potential relationships between patient covariates and the methotrexate clearance estimates and
deduce a pharmacokinetic model for the estimation of methotrexate clearance in Egyptian pediatric ALL
patients that may help dosage adjustment and achieve target steady-state plasma concentrations in a similar
sittings.
Patients and methods: A total of 94 pediatric patients with B-cell ALL, of whom 70 were the studied population
and 24 were the test population, were treated with four courses of HDMTX doses 2.5 gm/m2
(low-risk arm) or 5
gm/m2
(standard-/high-risk arm) given every other week by intermittent intravenous infusions over 24 hours as
a part of their treatment protocol. Patients were monitored for the 24 hour MTX concentration and the systemic
methotrexate clearance was calculated for each methotrexate dose
Epidemiology of Tuberculosis (TB) in Albania 1998-2009iosrphr_editor
Abstract : In Albania, many people erroneously think that tuberculosis (TB) is a disease of the past-an illness
that no longer constitutes a public health threat. Surveillance is an integral part of tuberculosis (TB) control.
Albania has a highTB notification rate and there are doubts about underreporting. The evolution of the
incidence of tuberculosis is presented, together with more detailed figures over the period 1998-2009. These
figures were obtained by the monthly forms (called 14/Sh) compared with the individual notification data.
Objective: To examine the distribution and sources of increased tuberculosis (TB) morbidity and reporting
system deficiencies in the Albania from 1998 through 2009. Metodology: The study is descriptive one conductet
during the period 1998-2009. The statistical analysis is based on data reported from regional level (regional
epidemiological departments) to the central level (Public Health Institute). Results: The main findings were:
discordance between the collected data (individual form) and reported data (monthly form); tuberculosis
incidence rate shows little oscillations which ranges from 6.67 to 9.2 cases/100.000 population; 50% of the
regions show a lack of information on the confirmation of diagnosis and laboratory examination type used for
confirmation. Conclusion: TB disease in high-risk populations where it is difficult to detect, diagnose, and treat;
limitations of current control measures and the need for new tests and treatments, including an effective
vaccine; improving information system, regulation of individual form and personnel training.
Total Phenol and Antioxidant from Seed and Peel of Ripe and Unripe of Indones...iosrphr_editor
Study on total phenol and antioxidantactivity ofsugar apple fruits of various solvent, part of fruits, and level of ripening. Solvent extraction used were 80% (v/v) methanol, 50% (v/v) acetone, boiling water, and 50% (v/v) ethanol. Part of fruits thatbeen used for samples were seed and peel which are normally by products of sugar apple processing, level of ripening were unripe, and ripe sugar apple fruits. Total phenol was determined by Folin-ciocalteau method. Total antioxidant was quantified by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) method.Therewas a difference in type of solvent, part of fruits, and level of ripeningon total phenol and antioxidant concentration of sugar apple fruits. Seeds have higher total phenol concentration than peels of this fruits. Unripe sugar apple fruits have higher total phenol and antioxidant than ripe fruit. The best solvent for phenol extraction was ethanol 50%butthe best solvent for antioxidant extraction was acetone 50%.
A Review on Step-by-Step Analytical Method Validationiosrphr_editor
When analytical method is utilized to generate results about the characteristics of drug related samples it is essential that the results are trustworthy. They may be utilized as the basis for decisions relating to administering the drug to patients. Analytical method validation required during drug development and manufacturing and these analytical methods are fit for their intended purpose. To comply with the requirements of GMP pharmaceutical industries should have an overall validation policy which documents how validation will be performed. The purpose of this validation is to show that processes involved in the development and manufacture of drug, production and analytical testing can be performed in an effective and reproducible manner. This review article provides guidance on how to perform validation characteristics for the analytical method which are utilized in pharmaceutical analysis.
A Cross Sectional Study of Ethnic Differences in Occurrence and Severity of A...iosrphr_editor
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the most widely used "over the counter" medication all over the world despite their complications in different major organs. Present studies envisaged for knowing the occurrence and severity of adverse drug reactions from NSAIDs in different ethnic communities of Sikkim. A cross sectional study was undertaken in the medicine outpatients department of a secondary and tertiary care hospital. The patients belonging to Nepalese, Bhutias, Lepchas ethnic communities and others community (settlers from other parts of India) were included to analyzed the data based on the age and gender, ethnicity and ADRs, drugs and ADRs. Severity assessment was done using Hartwing and Siegel scale and causality assessment by Naranjo scale. Total 109 cases of ADRs, predominating in female were detected. Nepalese were the most affected and Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) being the most affected organ in them. Diclofenac showed maximum number of ADRs in all the communities. Maximum number of cases occurred on single day use (40.36%) of drugs. All the cases were belonging to the "possible category" and the maximum being the mild (72.48%) in nature. It is advisable to consider the ethnic/racial differences equally with other factors, to improve the safety and efficacy of a drug.
A Cross Sectional Study of Ethnic Differences in Occurrence and Severity of A...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call for research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, call fo
1. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy
e-ISSN: 2250-3013, p-ISSN: 2319-4219, www.iosrphr.org
Volume 2 Issue 6 ‖‖ Nov-Dec. 2012 ‖‖ PP.25-33
Synthesis, characterisation and antimicrobial activity of bivalent
metal (Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb and Ag) chelates of 1, 2- naphthoquinone
dioxime
1
N. R. Gonewar, 2V. B. Jadhav, 3K. D. Jadhav, 4S.S. Sakure,
5 6
A. A. KILLEDAR and R. G. Sarawadekar
1,2,3,6
Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune (India)
Yashwantrao Mohite College, Pune 411 038
4
S.B.B. alias Appasaheb Jedhe College, Shukrawar Peth, Pune 411002.
5
Department of Chemistry, A Vishay Components India Pvt. Ltd., Loni Kalbhor
PUNE – 412201 (M.S.) INDIA
Abstract––Transition metal chelates of the type M [NQO]2 where M = Hg, Cd, Zn, Pb: NQO = 1, 2 -
napthoquinone dioxime and Ag (NQO) have been synthesized. All chelates have been characterized by
modern methods such as elemental analysis, FTIR, Electronic spectra. 1H & 13C NMR, Thermogravimetry,
Differential scanning calorimetry and electron microscopy with EDAX analysis of chelates were carried out.
Metal chelates of mercury, lead, zinc and cadmium are octahedral while silver chelate has been assigned
square planer. These chelates are thermally stable up to 3500C and all are crystalline in nature. Their
particle sizes are in the range of 15-42 nm. The ligand and the metal chelates have been screened for
antimicrobial activity on gram positive and gram negative bacteria and fungi and the results are compared
with cisplatin as standard chemotherapy agent.
Keywords––1,2-naphthoquinone -2, oxime, X-ray diffraction, IR, NMR, SEM, Antimicrobial activity,
Electronic spectra.
I. INTRODUCTION
Our studies on 1-2-naphthoquinone-2, monoximes (1,2) and the metal chelates formed by them (3)
have led us to investigate the vicinal dioxime compounds derived from aromatic nuclei. It is well known that the
complex formation ability of the -C ( C = NOH) – C ( C = NOH ) – is greatly influenced by the special
arrangement of the oxime groups. The specific action of the grouping towards nickel ions has been attributed to
the anti isomers of the compounds. A major aim to study such compounds originates from the fact that these
types of ligands shows biological importance [4,10]. Oximes and dioximes have often been used as chelating
ligands in the field of coordination chemistry and their metal complexes have been of great interest for many
years.
The presence of mildly acidic hydroxyl groups and slightly basic nitrogen atoms makes oximes,
dioximes amphoteric ligands, which form square planar, square-pyramidal or octahedral complexes with
transition metal ions such as Co(III) and Ni(II) as the central atom (11). The structure of 1-2 naphthoquinone
dioxime is examined by use of the HF (6 -31 G*level), density functional theory DFT (6 -31 G* level) & hybrid
functional B3LYP. Using the optimized structure of the titled compound IR, NMR, and ultraviolet data is
calculated and compared with experimental data. It shows good relation between theoretically calculated IR
wave numbers & observed values for Mid – Far IR data (12). Al, Zn, Cu (II), Ni(II) and alkali metal salts of
dioximes were reported and the authors concluded that the colour of the quinone oximes is not related to
quinone oxime structure (13). In this paper we report synthesis of bivalent metal chelates of the type M [NQO] 2
where M = Hg, Cd, Zn, Pb: NQO = 1, 2 napthoquinone dioxime and Ag (NQO) and characterization by XRD,
Mid IR, thermal analysis, electronic spectra, SEM photographs and antimicrobial activity against
microorganisms have been studied.
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
The ligand 1, 2-naphthoquinone dioxime is synthesized in laboratory as per the reported method (14).
A stock solution of Pb (II), Zn (II), Cd (I), Hg (II) and Ag (I) is prepared by using AR grade chemicals.
Deionised water is used during synthesis.
25
2. Synthesis, characterisation and antimicrobial activity of bivalent metal…
2.1 Preparation of metal chelates.
The chelates were prepared by mixing metal salt solution and ligand in 1: 1 proportion for silver
chelate and 1: 2 for other metals. The mixture was constantly stirred for one hour on magnetic stirrer. The pH
of the mixture was maintained, in between 5.0 – 6.0 by adding ammonia solution to it. Warm the mixture on
water bath for about 15 minutes. On cooling it was filtered and found to be coloured.
2.2 Instrumental Analysis.
Elemental analysis was carried out with a Perkin Elmer 2400 series for C, H, O & N. The IR spectra
are recorded on a Shimadzu FTIR 8400 S model in a KBr matrix. Electronic spectra were recorded on Perkin
Elmer UV – visible spectrometer, Lambda-25 model. TGA curves were recorded on Perkin Elmer Pyris. TGA
were recorded on apparatus using 100C/min in air and DSC on DSC 800 model. The proton and 13C NMR
spectra recorded in DMSO dueterated on Varion. 400 MR, powder x ray diffraction patterns were obtained by
using Rigaku Mini flex (II). LC – MS scans were carried out on Shimadzu – LCMS 2010 employing electron
impact source. Scanning electron microscopy was carried out on Vega 2SB model and EDAX on OXFORD
INCA PENTA with TESCAN VEGA 2SB.
2.3 Antimicrobial activity testing
Test organisms: The antimicrobial activity of ligands, metal salts and synthesized metal chelates is
tasted against bacteria [Escherichia coli (NCIM 2065), Bacillus subtilis ( NCIM 2063), Staphylococcus aureus
( NCIM 2079), Proteus Vulgaris ( NCIM 2813), P. aeruginosa
(NCIM 2200), Aspergillius Niger (NCIM 1196) and Candida albicans (NCIM 3471)] strains collected from
NCL, Pune India.
2.4 Maintenance of culture:
The cultures of bacteria and fungi were maintained on Nutrient agent (Hymenia Laboratories Pvt Ltd.
Ref. M 002-500G 99% Purity), Mueller-Hinton Agar (Himedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd Ref. M 173 – 500G, 99%
Purity) and subcultured accordingly and preserved at 4 o C. for 24 hours in incubator.
2.5 Plating
The 100 µL cell suspension (108 cell / ml of bacteria & yeasts C. albicans and 100 µL of spore
suspension of mold (A niger) were spread on then. Agar (for bacteria) and Mueller-Hinton Agar for fungi were
used. Then wells were bored in the media. In the wells DMSO (solvent), ligand, metal salts and metal chelates
solutions were poured for each organism, and then incubated at 37 0C for 48 hrs. for bacteria and 300C for 5 days
for fungi . The zone diameter of inhibition were measured in mm & recorded.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1 Thermal Analysis:
The TG, and DTG data is given in Table 1. The ligand 1, 2 naphthoquinone dioxime (NQO) is heated
with 100C/min in air up to 3800C and DSC was carried out by heating 100C/min from 300C to 2000C in N2. The
TG data of NQO shows first weight loss corresponds to the loss of [N-2(OH)] which is in good agreement in
the range of 30 -2450C ( calculated weight loss is 48% and found as 47.89%). It indicates that the ligand has
high thermal stability. DSC data of NQO shows one exotherm. The onset temperature at 143.250C and the peak
temperature at 147.630C and ΔH found to be -219.50 J/g. It can be assigned to loss of [N-2(OH)] moiety.
TG data of metal chelates of Pb, Cd, Zn and Hg show more or equal results for the first step
decomposition about 100 -3500C and weight loss in range of 25 to 35 % and DTG temperatures are in the range
of 152 ± 10C. Ag (NQO) shows weight loss in the temperature range 146 – 350 0C upto 22 % and DTG
temperature is at 1630C.
DSC data of metal chelates shows that the chelates containing Zn, Hg and Cd exhibits an exotherm
starting at about 1460C and peak temperatures about at 151 ± 2 0C. There is a variation of the absorption of heat
as it can be seen from the Table 2. In the case of Ag (NQO) it shows an exotherm with onset temperature at
153.550C and peak temperature at 164.380C. The enthalpy of the process is recorded as -305.69J/g. Pb (NQO) 2
shows an exotherm which starts at 187.640C and peak temperature at 190.760C. The heat of decomposition is
130.80 J/g.
Table: 1 Thermo analytical data of ligand and its chelates
Sr.No. Compound Temp Range % loss DTG
0 0
C C
1 NQO 122-245 48.0 150
2 Zn (NQO)2 142-350 85.0 162
3 Cd (NQO)2 100-350 47.5 152
4 Hg (NQO)2 145-355 80.0 172
5 Ag(NQO) 100-350 53.0 164
6 Pb (NQO)2 120-350 65.0 158
26
3. Synthesis, characterisation and antimicrobial activity of bivalent metal…
Table: 2 Differential Scanning Calorimetric data of ligand and its chelates
Sr.No. Compound DSC EXO ΔH
Onset Temp. Peak Temp. J/g
0 0
C C
1 NQO 143.25 147.63 -219.50
2 Zn (NQO)2 148.40 154.5 -180.36
3 Cd (NQO)2 130.65 123.67 -124.77
4 Hg (NQO)2 146.20 150.75 -139.06
5 Ag(NQO) 145.90 159.50 -112.75
6 Pb (NQO)2 134.69 143.87 -172.19
3.1.1 Kinetics
To calculate kinetic parameters of 1, 2-naphthoquinone dioxime a separate TG/DTG was run on
Shimadzu STA in the ranges 0.00C to 8000C in air. The decomposition started at 122.670C and ended at
223.980C. The observed weight loss was 48%. The TG data was used to calculate kinetic parameters by using
developed software (15). The kinetic parameters for F-5 model calculated using Coates _ Redfern equation
which is random nucleation ( Mampel unimolecular law). The results are given in Table -3.
Table: 3 Kinetic parameters for decomposition of NQO in air
Sr. No. Parameter Step I 122.67 to 223.98 0C
1 n Order of reaction 1
2 E Energy of activation 44.12 KJ/Mol
3 R regression coefficient 0.848
4 Log A Frequency factor 2.4278
5 S Entropy of activation -210.61 J/mol/K
6 G Free energy of activation 187.34 KJ/Mol
7 H Enthalpy of activation 91.9697 KJ/Mol
3.2 X-ray diffraction:
The x-ray diffraction data was recorded on Rigaku X-ray diffractometer (Cu Kα radiation) Miniflex 2.
The data was processed by using McMaille computer program for determination of cell parameters and space
group (16). 1, 2 naphthoquinone dioxime crystallizes in the triclinic group and it has crystallographic
parameters,
a = 10.7684 Ao, b = 8.5280 Ao and c = 8.7887 Ao
α = 101.464o, β = 102.764o, γ = 85.881o,
Its volume is 771.106 (Ao) 3 and space group H-M symbol P1.
Dmin = 2.853032 g/cm3
1
2
27
4. Synthesis, characterisation and antimicrobial activity of bivalent metal…
3
4
5
Fig.1 XRD PATTERNS OF METAL CHELATES 1) Pb (NQO) 2,
2) Hg (NQO)2, 3) Zn (NQO)2, 4) Ag (NQO) AND 5) Cd (NQO)2
Table: 4 h k l values of NQO) and Th (Obs) and Th (Calc)
Sr.No. h k l Th(Obs) Th-Zero Th(Cals) Diff.
1 1 0 0 8.440 8.834 8.415 0.020
2 0 1 0 10.580 10.574 10.580 -0.005
3 0 1 -1 11.980 11.974 11.994 -0.019
4 0 1 -1 13.440 13.434 13.442 -0.008
5 1 1 -1 14.460 14.454 14.464 -0.010
6 1 -1 -1 17.434 17.434 17.439 -0.004
7 0 0 2 21.100 21.096 21.084 0.008
8 1 2 0 22.680 22.674 22.658 0.016
9 2 0 -2 24.114 24.114 24.121 -0.007
10 2 2 -1 25.920 25.914 25.921 -0.006
11 2 2 0 26.860 26.654 26.861 -0.007
12 3 -1 0 29.820 27.914 27.903 0.011
13 3 -1 -1 28.640 28.634 28.636 -0.001
14 2 -1 -1 30.520 30.514 30.528 -0.014
15 3 -1 1 31.100 31.094 31.095 0.000
M. Nasakkala et.al. ( 17) have reported that NQO belongs to monoclinic, space group P2 1/c ( N.14), a =
7.082(12) A0, b = 9.046(11) A0, c = 13.845(11) A0, β = 100.2 (1)0, Z=4 and D=1.432 g/cm3.
The metal chelate of Zn (NQO)2, shows data as per computer code referred above that it belongs to
Triclinic, a = 16.9620, b = 9.7908 c = 7.0376 A0, α = 104.005 o, β = 66.096 o, γ = 62.244 o, volume = 800.416
(AO)3 and density calculated as 3.388752 g/cm3 with Z = 2. Table 5 shows h k l and theta values.
28
5. Synthesis, characterisation and antimicrobial activity of bivalent metal…
Table: 5 h k l values of Zn (NQO)2, Th (Obs) and Th (Calc)
Sr.No. h k l Th(Obs) Th-Zero Th(Cals) Diff.
1 0 1 0 12.040 12.057 12.057 0.000
2 1 0 1 13.160 13.177 13.177 0.000
3 0 1 -1 14.140 14.157 14.172 -0.015
4 3 0 -1 17.940 170957 17.946 0.011
5 3 1 1 18.320 18.337 17.343 -0.005
6 1 2 -1 20.080 20.097 20.092 0.005
7 0 2 -1 20.760 20.777 20.769 0.008
8 1 0 -1 21.600 21.617 21.602 0.015
9 2 -1 0 24.400 24.417 24.430 -0.13
10 2 -1 2 25.620 25.637 25.640 -0.003
11 3 2 -1 26.120 26.137 26.141 -0.004
The metal chelate of Hg (NQO)2, shows data as per computer code referred above that it belongs to
Triclinic, a = 6.7244, b = 9.3817 c = 12.0611 A0, α = 84.957 o, β = 108.484 o, γ = 86.828 o, volume = 716.055
(AO)3 and density calculated as 3.388752 g/cm3 with Z = 2. Table 6 shows h k l and theta values.
Table: 6 h k l values of Zn (NQO)2, Th (Obs) and Th (Calc)
Sr.No. h k l Th(Obs) Th-Zero Th(Cals) Diff.
1 0 0 1 7.760 7.786 7.770 0.016
2 0 1 1 11.560 11.586 11.586 0.000
3 0 1 -1 12.920 12.946 12.934 0.012
4 1 0 0 13.880 13.906 13.928 -0.022
5 0 0 2 15.520 15.546 15.576 -0.030
6 1 1 0 16.160 16.186 160169 0.017
7 0 2 0 19.020 19.046 19.050 -0.004
8 0 0 3 23.440 23.466 23.456 0.010
9 1 1 2 24.820 24.846 24.846 0.000
10 1 1 -3 25.520 25.546 25.548 -0.002
11 1 2 -2 26.140 26.166 26.174 -0.008
12 2 0 -1 26.520 26.546 26.557 -0.001
13 1 -1 2 27.060 27.086 27.078 0.008
14 2 0 -2 27.340 27.366 27.350 0.16
The particle sizes were calculated using Debye Scherer Formula and the values found to be for Zn
(NQO)2 as 34.04 nm and for Cd (NQO)2 as 19.23 nm which indicates that these crystals are nano crystals.
Other chelates of Pb (NQO)2, Hg (NQO)2 and Ag (NQO) are crystalline in nature but their crystallographic
analysis could not be done , only particle sizes were calculated and found to be 16.51 nm, 42.54 nm and 27.47
nm respectively.
3.3 Electronic Spectra (UV)
The UV spectra of the ligand NQO and its metal chelates M (NQO)2 where (M = Zn, Cd. Hg Ag and
Pb) were studied in a dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) solution and the data is complied in Table 7. NQO exhibits
absorption bands at 211.2 nm and at 262.6 nm. These bands are assigned to π to π*. The band at 262.6 nm is
originated from the π to π* of the orthoquinone oxime (7). The chelates, studied here show only single
transition at 262.1 nm which is π to π* transition.
Table: 7 Electronic absorption data (λ nm) of metal chelates in DMSO in the
range (200-800 nm).
Sr.No. Compound λ
1 NQO 211.2 262.6
2 Zn (NQO)2 201.5 263.7, 363
3 Cd (NQO)2 202.8 260.7, 361.5
4 Hg (NQO)2 202.4 267.4, 365.0
5 Ag(NQO) 202.1 267.3, 365.2
6 Pb (NQO)2 201.3 266.3, 365.1
29
6. Synthesis, characterisation and antimicrobial activity of bivalent metal…
3.4 Infrared Spectra
IR frequencies of 1-2naphthoquinone dooxime were calculated by RHF / 6-31G* and reported by N.R.
Gonewar et. al. (18). In IR spectra of chelates M (NQO) 2 where M = Pb, Zn, Hg and Cd showed a weak γ (C –
H) stretching at about 3000 – 3400 cm-1. The functional group such as C = O, C = N and N – O assigned. The
data is given in table 8. It can be seen from the table that the spectrum of NQO can be compared with chelates
of metals which clearly shows lower wave numbers for γ(C = N) and V (C = O) bands owing to elongation of
these bonds upon coordination. The absorption of γ (N – O) was found at higher wave numbers since this bond
was significantly shortened in the chelates. The high position of γ (NO) frequencies indicates that nitroso atom
of the oxime group coordinates to the centre (19, 20).
Table: 8 Characteristic ν IR (cm-1) bands of NQO and its metal chelates.
Sr.No. Compound C –H C=O C=N N-O
1 NQO 3213 1608 1669 1093
2 Zn (NQO)2 3271 1618 1666 1093
3 Cd (NQO)2 3214 1591 1664 1062
4 Hg (NQO)2 3282 1591 1658 1084
5 Ag(NQO) 3180 1589 1082
6 Pb (NQO)2 3201 1568 1662 1084
3.5 Proton NMR and 13C NMR
NQO shows chemicals shift of proton at 8.21 and 8.19 ppm for N-OH group.
Table: 9 Chemical shifts of metal chelates in ppm
Sr.No. Compound H1 H2
1 Zn (NQO)2 12.69 11.94
2 Cd (NQO)2 9.13 9.11
3 Hg (NQO)2 8.67 8.65
4 Ag(NQO) 8.77 8.75
5 Pb (NQO)2 8.67 8.65
The chemical shift for hydroxyl proton of metal chelates are shown in Table:9. It is observed that only
Zn (NQO)2 shows higher chemical shifts as compared to other chelates. The remaining chemical shifts are
similar to ligand molecule. (21, 22).
13C NMR chemical shifts of C1 and C2 where –NOH C1 is bonded which are observed at
184.37 and at 181.22 ppm. The chemical shifts of the metal chelates are given in Table:10,
Table: 10 Chemical shifts of metal chelates in ppm
Sr.No. Compound C1 C2
1 Zn (NQO)2 140.66 133.95
2 Cd (NQO)2 147.35 140.81
3 Hg (NQO)2 147.99 140.62
4 Ag(NQO) 140.62 133.94
5 Pb (NQO)2 147.94 140.61
The chemical shift for C1 is observed in the range 140.62 to 147.99 ppm for the chelates under studies
and that of C2 is observed in range 133.94 to 140.81 ppm. The chemical shifts of remaining carbons are in good
agreement (23, 24).
3.6 SEM studies
The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the ligand and their Zn (II), Cd (II), Hg (II), Ag (I) and Pb
(II) chelates was carried. In general, the average crystallite size of the metal chelates is smaller than the
crystallite size of the parent ligand. These results of SEM investigations support the results obtained from XRD
investigations. The XRD patterns were found to be composed of overlapped sharp lines as well as broad bands
indicative of both small crystalline of nano crystalline type and extremely small crystallite size tending to
amorphous nature. Secondly a careful examination of the SEM photographs (shown in Fig.2) of the ligand and
their five metal chelates reveals that all the samples are heterogeneous mixtures of different particle size.
30
7. Synthesis, characterisation and antimicrobial activity of bivalent metal…
(1) (2) (3)
(4) (5) (6)
Fig.2 SEM DATA OF 1) NQO, 2) Zn(NQO)2, 3) Cd(NQO)2, 4) Hg(NQO)2, 5) Ag(NQO) and 6)
Pb(NQO)2
3.7 Antimicrobial Scanning Results
The antimicrobial activity of metal salts, ligands and their complexes were tested against bacteria and
fungi like Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaries, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, ESBL Escherichia coli, Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans.The causative
agent Cisplatin is chosen as standard chemotherapy agent.
The testing against growth of micro-organisms was carried out by using well diffusion method
employing Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) and culture in nutrient broth in each case of micro-organisms. The
concentration of NQO and its metal chelates were chosen as 10 -4M. The plates were incubated at 350C for 24
hours in incubator. The clear zone of inhibition of growth for the organism was measured in mm and the data is
Given in Table: 11 Dimethyl sulphoxide i.e. solvent used shows no inhibition for all organisms under
studies.
31
8. Synthesis, characterisation and antimicrobial activity of bivalent metal…
Table 11: Antimicrobial activities of 1, 2 naphthoquinone dioxime (NQO) and its metal chelates
(Inhibition zone diameter in mm)
Compound E. B. S. Proteus P. ESB K. A. C.
coli subtilis aureu vulgaries aerugi L Pneumo nigar albican
s nosa E. niae s
coli
DMSO Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil
NQO 20 s 24 b 16 s 23 b 10 w 18 s 18 s 11 w 13 w
Zn (NQO)2 22 19 s 28 Sh 17 s 24 b 14 w 23 b 19 s 20s
b
Cd(NQO)2 18 s 20 s 25 b 25 b 23 b 14 w 15 w 16 s 22 b
Hg(NQO)2 17 s 20 s 23 b 15 w 26 S 13 w 14 w 17 s 19 s
Ag(NQO) 17 s 25 b 24 b 22 b 20 s 13 w 14 w 18 s 19 s
Pb (NQO)2 19 s 28 Sh 30 Sh 23 b 13w 20 s 17 s 18 s 21 b
Cisplatin 18 s 13 w 20 s 18 No test
No No test No No
test test zone
(10-15) Weak; (16-20) Small; (21-25) Broad; (26-above) Sharp zone
Metal complexes and ligands by Agar well diffusion method showing significant growth inhibition
against all the microorganisms. At 5 mg/ml of concentration, all the chemicals shows intermediary zone of
inhibition (11 to 31 Mm). The inhibition effects of metal complexes on the microbial growth are significantly
different than metal salts. Table No. 4.4.2 shows that, metal salts such as Zn, Ag and Pb salts shows weak
inhibition zones than others. It revealed that, these metal salts have less and their complexes have moderate
antimicrobial effect.
The species P. aeruginosa, A. niger, C. albicans shows nearly similar range of zone diameter (13-
27mm, 16-28mm, 12-30mm resp…) at 7mg/ml of salt concentration; which was shown by the species E. coil, B.
subtilis, S. aureus, P. valgaries at 5mg/ml of salt concentration.
The antibacterial potency increases upon complexation as compared to uncomplexed one (Metal salts).
So the biological activity of metal salts has been enhanced with the addition of ligands. It is suggested that
positive charge of metal ion is partially shared with the donor atoms and there is electron delocalization over the
whole chelate ring system having center anion, which effectively influence the solubility mechanism of the
complex. It is however indicates, that chelation tends to make the metal salts act as more powerful and potent
bactericidal agents, thus killing more of the microorganisms than the parent metal salts.
It is suspected that factors, such as solubility, conductivity, and dipole moment and cell permeability
mechanisms (influenced by the presence of metal ions) may be possible reasons for increasing this biological
activity.
The result also indicates that the metal complexes (Chelates) are found to be potentially more active
against bacteria than the fungi. Pb (NQO) 2, Ag (NQO), Hg (NQO) 2 and Cd (NQO) 2 showed highest activity
for P. vulgaris. The inhibition of the micro-organism growth for metal chelates was found to be in the following
order.
Zn = Hg > Cd > Ag = Pb > Cisplatin
Cisplatin was the first member of a class of platinum-containing anti-cancer drugs. Cisplatin is
particularly effective against testicular cancer. The studies demonstrate that metal chelation can increase the anti
microbial activity than metal free ligand. It is reported that metal chelation reduces the polarity of the metal ion
mainly due to the partial sharing of its positive change with the donor group and possibly the δ electron
delocalization occurring within the whole chelate ring system formed during co-ordination and results in
increase of the lipophilic nature of the central metal atom (25). It favours for its penetration through the lipoid
layer of the membrane. The transition metal chelates possess high degree of inhibition which can be due to the
greater number of δ electrons which increases the electrostatic filed around the metal ion.
IV. CONCLUSIONS
Most of the synthesized metal complexes have shown biological activities against the tested nine types
of both bacterial and fungal species by Agar well diffusion method. To counter the increased bacterial, fungal,
viral, and microbial, cancer and aids, etc. diseases to the rapid growth in population, investigation of the
biological activities of the ligands and their metal complexes would be very interesting and useful to control the
32
9. Synthesis, characterisation and antimicrobial activity of bivalent metal…
respective diseases. These results are better than standard Cisplatin chemotherapy agent. All these chelates are
crystalline in nature and generally belong to triclinic. The coordination ability of NQO towards M (II) chelates
were examined by different spectroscopic methods that unequivocally determine the coordination sites of NQO.
It is observed that the ratio of metal to NQO is 1:2 for chelates of Zn, Pb, Cd and Hg while in case of Ag the
ratio is 1:1.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We thank Prin. K.D. Jadhav, Principal, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Yashwantrao Mohite
College, Pune for permission to Publish this work.
REFERENCES
[1]. V. B. Jadhav, N.R. Gonewar, K.D. Jadhav and R.G. Sarawadekar, Investigation on theoretical calculations of mid-
far infrared, NMR and electronic spectra of 1-nitroso-2, naphthol or 1-2 naphthoquinine-1, oxime and comparison
with experimental data, Journal of Pharmacy Research 2011,4(12),
[2]. N.R. Gonewar, V. B. Jadhav K.D. Jadhav, and R.G. Sarawadekar, Theoretical calculations of infrared, NMR and
electronic spectra of 2-nitroso-1, naphthol or 1-2 naphthoquinine-2 oxime and comparison with experimental data,
Research in Pharmacy 2(1) : 18-25, 2012.
[3]. Feigl F., Chemistry of Specific, Selective and Sensitive Reactions, Academic, New York, 1946.
[4]. Cukurovali A, Tas E, Ahmedzad M, Synthesis and Metal Complexation of a New Oxime
[5]. Derivative of 2-Aminothiazole, Synth React Inorg Met Org Nano Met Chem, 27(5),
[6]. 1997, 639– 646.
[7]. Mukherjee S, Patel B A, Bhaduri S, Selective Ethylene Oligomerization with Nickel Oxime Complexes,
Organometallics, 28 (10), 2009, 3074–3078.
[8]. Ponomareva VV, Dalley NK, Xiaolan K, Gerasimchuk NN, Domasevich KV, Synthesis, spectral and crystal
structures of complexes of ambidentate C6H5C(O)C(NO)CN– ,J Chem Soc Dalton Trans, 1996, 2351-2359.
[9]. Milios CJ, Stamatatos TC, Perlepes S P, The coordination chemistry of pyridyl oximes, Polyhedron, 25, 2006,
134-194.
[10]. Alzoubi B m, Vidali F, Puchta R, Dücker-Benfer C, Felluga A, Randaccio L, Tauzher G, Van Eldik R.,
Mechanistic behaviour of alkylcobaloximes and imino-oxime complexes related to vitamin B(12), Dalton Trans,
7(13), 2009, 2392-2399.
[11]. Alper T O, Gazi I, Hasene M, Tuncer H, Nagihan A, A Co(III) complex with a tridentate amineimine- oxime
ligand from 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazoline: synthesis, crystal structure, spectroscopic and thermal characterization ,
J Coord Chem, 62(6), 2009, 1005–1014.
[12]. Kufelnicki A, Fritsky IO, Sliva TY, Golovaneva IF, Lampeka R D, Stereoselective synthesis of cobalt(III) anionic
complexes with chiral pyruvylaminoacid oximes and metal–ligand interactions in aqueous solution, Polyhedron,
26(12), 2007, 2894-2900.
[13]. Gok Y, Kantekin H, The synthesis and characterization of new (E,E)-dioxime and its mono andconheteronuclear
complexes containing 14-membered tetraaza macrocyclic moiety, Polyhedron, 16(14), 1997, 2413-2420.
[14]. V.B. Jadhav, N.R. Gonewar, K.D. Jadhav and R.G. Sarawadekar, Synthesis, spectral and Theoretical investigation
on 1-2 naphthoquinone dioxime, Research in Pharmacy 1(3) : 01-09, 2011.
[15]. A.P. Avdeenko, G.M. Glinyanaya and V.V. Pirozhenko, Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry, 35(10)1480-1487
(1999).
[16]. M.N. Huges, Inorganic Chemistry of Biological Processes. Willy, New York (1981).
[17]. R.G. Sarawadekar and I.B. Gade, Software for Kinetic Analysis of non isothermal thermogravimetry (TG) Data,
HEMRL REPORT , PYRO, TR 253 (2006).
[18]. A. Le Bail, Powder Diffraction, 19, 249-259 (2004).
[19]. M. Nasakkala, H. Saarinen, J. Korvenrata and E. Nasakkala, The Crystal Structure of (1Z, 2E) – 1-2
Naphthoquinone Dioxime, Acta. Chemica Scandinavica, A 31 469 – 472 (1977).
[20]. V.B. Jadhav, N.R. Gonewar, K.D. Jadhav and R.G. Sarawadekar, Synthesis, spectral and Theoretical investigation
on 1-2 naphthoquinone dioxime, Research in Pharmacy 1(3) : 01-09, 2011.
[21]. Constantino V. R. Toma H. E., Olivenia LFC and P. S, Snatos, J. Raman Sepctroscopy, 23, 629 (1992).
[22]. Natarajan C., Nazeer Hussain A. Indian J. Chem. 22A, 527 (1983).
[23]. A. Krzan and J. Mavri., Chemical Physics, 277, 71-76 (2002).
[24]. V. Enchev, G. Ivanova, A. Vgrinov, G. D. Neykov., J. Mol, Struct. 508, 149 (1999).
[25]. G. Ivanov, V. Enchev. Chem.. Phys. 264, 235 (2001).
[26]. T. Shono, Y. Hayashi and K. Shinra., Bull. Chem. Soc. of Japan., 4, 3179-3181 (1971).
[27]. Z.H. Chohan, C. T. Superan and A. Scozafava, J. Enzyme Inhihitian and Medicinal Chemistry, 20, 303 (2005).
33